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3 Kj 1410 }AyyS} 18 P{ 2003

}AyyS}H <y ..

Y{S} AyMvSAtvH

}yH4vSs SS| cM}vAv rSMc AhMv AvMr rAjMr} vSAcSMt}
{Mu PcSvdSMv rS} Yt~? P Ac cXSH Mr wSM}? rS} }H}H
YMytv Ac XyZ My P{uSAvz}? P}S~-{MoM~} AzM
PcSsS wSy rSM}? AyMvSAtvH} SMv

^rwq PfS

AyMvSAtvHMc YA{ cdva  PtdMr wSZ vS _c YyiS, X, cCyvS, Xy`CrS }{qH} M Y{S} YtSv<tSv hM~Mi yd Atv uM} }yH4vSs PdSMv Y{SMc PcSva SS| cM}vAv S{Sv P|mJc cM}Miv, rS} PsMc hA}M} ySAc LwcO Av{Sq _y rtwA} XAzMvH AvyShMv} cSjmJc P{SMmZ j v

\wvSM AyMvSAtvH} fv cSM~S cA|r Pc, y y \~ h _y fv C|e~-_} \MNd iSS Y} PcSva  cSSyqvS PvZ P jMvZ PySu cA} iAy-cA}M {v PcSsSa PcSva _cmS Yt~ d>jMr hS, AyAz7 }yH4{SvvS}HMt} <ArcAr} S{Mv XSAhM imxm cM} PxM}, _y MrS yS PcSva }c{ AvTwS XAXrS PsMcZ PM{ cStG}H} PxSMmSSxCm} Av}SwS} S{Mv Y{wq cM}

PdSMv _cmS {S YMi AyMvSAtvH 2}H, _ csS Y{}S <s{ cAv }Sj~9H} cSMi, {M4} cSMi wSH-yqvS} { P cSM~} ScA, wyu wi2 c}S} { |At cS\Mc 2}H yM~ sSMcv, rS M~ uM} AvMr My, cvS Y} |S-Z PSc, PeR}yqS y wyu AMMy PcSva cXSH wSH <S PcSva AtvZ P| ScA} PcSva Lw <S yS XvcDS YtS cM} AvMr wSM}Av ySgSA~ {SMj yS SAMr, P csS vrv cM} y~yS} XMwS }SMd vS cStG}H} eSyq DMc YA{ AyM jSAv vS, r@S} w}MvS StS-cSM~S PxSMmSSx`A~ PsMc _dv PmS  cM} PySkSa |S vS rMy cMvAi \Av S{yqS AiM~v cStG}H}a fv C|e~, ezH} X>SAdwNy, cA|r cSM~S PcM} csS Pcy~ Y{}S cAvAv, r@S} tHf~ env, \ HyS cAy} yqvS yS} yS} cM} AxM} YM rSZ AyMvSAtvHMc {Mv {Mv eM PvaS} { vrv PyRnSMv} _Z KyA`A~} M AyMvSAtvH }SuS} hDcyq cdv P| Y{S} AvMj} XjSM A{AM PxM~Ai PmS Y{S} Y} zS~ cM} PdS~ PvZ

MrS yS AyMvSAtvHMc S{SH zSySa P|r r~HS{SAd}tvS} `ArM Y{SMt} cAOr }yH4vSMs} {Sv{ArMr PcSva YfSr vS cM}a AyMvSAtvH AtAy rS} S{yq MISv AvM XySMu Ayh}q cM} Ax}Mr wS}r Y{S} AhvSMm} t PsMc tSM} Ac P PM P r _{vZ Sr, XwM}} Xv vS}HMt} PsMc _rmSZ Y~StS P|, rS} Yv r tMc} {MytvS} u}SMi>SS} ySZM}

\wvSM AyMvSAtvH Y} YS} wS}A}c zSeAyAv{ iAy} zSS XMvc rH M xMm aMn, |At rSMt} S}HA}c zSMy PcSva S|j sSMc |SMr cM} tc cdva cdva yS _Mc a yS aMc _ yM~ `A~M Px~Mr wSM} rdvZ {Mv  ArZ PrS, zAyrMy} _c Av} HSMM} {SkdSMv _Z tZ }{qH, MjZ |>SMt} _c jMv} jHyv Xv jMv}a Mr wS}r AyMvSAtvH cXSH M~ YS} M r@S}  Kyw}Hr KrA} r P Kyw}Hr Y{S} cS{ Ai~ vS

}yH4vSMs} AyMvSAtvH XM}} tHAMrZ \~ zM~ PeM~ h~My vS, \wvSCm _{v _c {M }Ahr, |dv AArS {vASvH {A~SMt} YAyzSy My fmMr cT cM}Mi ySgSA~} jHyMv; _y r@S}S dS Ay}~ Lw _y AS} _c h{c<t A{q PZ {cS} SAMr} vSAcSMt} _c XAzvy Yz}q xM~ AyMvSAtvH} P{uS, yA$, XvzAr} rHjrSZ r@S} LMw} _c AyS~ X jM sSMc LMw} {SSjSM~} ySZM} P| P{uS} P{S{SS _c vS}HMc Y}a YcqHS cM} r~Mr wSM}, P csS rdvcS} AzMfSA}Sv ySgSA~ wT SAArcMt} Y7 cM}Ai~ rSMr M2 PvZ P {cS} yS XO w}yrF |Me} P~AdcS}S P{MMt} _Z Dq M anS yS rS} ySuSAyQ`M~S PtMdMiv wT SAArc}S <uSvr _Z DqS YuAvcSMt}Z <ArcAr X>ScMiv, <S P|{v cM} {Sv w}VH} LMw yS `Mq Y7 

AyMvSAtvH} P{uS XyZ rS} P|Rv YMytMv} Ay}Sm X AyMvSAtvH {M4 yS AyS}HMc Ycq cM}Ai~ cu Lw AtM v, yA$ _y AS AtMa yMm XwA}qrS }~{Ar SuS}q P{M YS} ZvMoi-_ AyMvSAtvH SzSyrZ \~ vSAcS _ ~ 1902-_ (PhSMd} ySA~-} <cScS~) YuAvc vS}H} PhS}S 2003-_ _M _Z tCm AyMq AtMZ Pcy~ _cjv XvvSuS}q vS}H KrA} Mr wSM} vS cS}q, {MucS} PeSmS _cmS rS@H jM Y{}S XMvc

AytS LwH PtMdAi P PM Y{SMt} h~DtMc} cSMi |At PcSva Av}Sz}q j PR2|Mc Pcy~{S yA$} P{Sc AtM wA}Myv c}Mr , rS} cSMi PZ vS}H} b~ Pcy~{S wSvMZ PnMc vS, wAsyHMjSS vSvSv P}S~ {Mo~Mt} AzM AyMvSAtvHMc `A~M Px~yS} <yqrS XyHSyH M t<SS AyMvSAtvH Ac rMy XwqS Pv? A{~S nSc}? {S}SAv eSH PtyH? vSAc XTrH }S?

_Z {U XvM} ySZM}a AyMvSAtvH P| YtMr }yH4vSAcS, P| rS} {M rS} jA{Mr t<SAMZ \~ P| b~ _c rc wM}a wDZ{ yS~S} _c iAy-cA}MMc rSAM PxM}, P rS M~ Pc? _} \} Yja Y{S} cSMi PvZ

lll

SuS}qr PcSva _cmS cSAAv yS AhvSMm} YZAoS {SsS _M~ M hA}Mt} {d`M~S {Mv PzM aMn Aci Aci { rS}S PhvS {d, PhvS XAzMvrSMt} Yt~ yS PhvS {Sv, Ac XAzMvrS vv, _{v cS}a iSS (tv-_ AhS A{ P| vSAcS} nSc{S} zA{cS XAzv cM}AiM~v PmS r@S} AvjS yAM} M hA}M} St d>Mj PwMAi~S{ yM~) {SMk {SMk Az cM} wA}hS~Mc} zSyvS rSMr AhvSmcSM}} _cmS AyMu YMi cSD:r {SvCm} yAer yySA}c KyA rdv AhvSmMc AhAr c}Mr sSMc vSvSv XvwnrS P|{v, \AvM _A<~-_} M}SAjvH} S}o{ yS cSA}{S XMvcmSZ A}vSAt} (XwqS Pv) yAjHyv PsMc uS} c}S cS}q PZ yM iAy} jeMr wS }SdS} YMe A}vSAtZ Y{S} cSi PsMc PtdS _c{S {Mo~ PA~ACm

PhSMd} ySA~} AhvSm |dv A~dMr cT cA}, PcSva hA}Z Y{S} PhSMd} S{Mv  Ai~ vS _{va MMi, Az7 Az7 tM _cZ hA}M} jv Az7 XAzMvrS} csS {Mv MMi Ar csS y~Mr cH, rdv wMsfSMm h~Mr-Ax}Mr AvA{r d>jrS{, |At YhAGMr nS PcSva ySZc-YM}SH {M4, yS wSMv} PtScSMv} vS}Mc~-tA PsMc AeSM}m u}SMvS AyS}H PhSMd wM |S AyMvSAtvH YS~rSMc P| X{v cM} d>Mj wSy vS jSvrS{ cSM~S

fv cA|r Pc Y} ezH} C|e~ {UmSZ Yj wSS} Ay\Cm wS~SM} ySMjS rS} {Mu PsMc Pc{v cM} PyA}M YMy YjMc} _c yA$tH YuAvcS, |SMc _cMS yi} YMe} _c AyuyS} wSc Avr-KvA{Ac XvSG}rS} {Mua \~ PtdS?

PhSMd} ySA~} AhvSm P~dS P M Pe~ YA{ Y{S} AyMvSAtvHMc PtdMr Pw~S{ vS PcSva tM \vMv} eveMv Y>Mh Ay2 Ay2 fS{ rS} {Md, cdva Ptd~S{ ^SMv} wM} eS{iS AtM PcS{}-iSwSMvS AzMj h~ kSMr yU, cdva yU T hM~ PmMv PdSwS y>SuMr, wc}uSM} t<SAM _c {A~vyvS PrjASvH YSM}! Ar |At cTqSAt (yM2SwSuS) Yj w>Ah yiM}} Mrv P{uS _y LMw} _{v Xwy Ah}v A{q, zS}rH AMv{S Y} Ac cdva wSMy?

yS~S AMv{S} _cAv iS AMMy, }yH4SArcHAr AvM |dv cSj c}y {vA} c}~S{, rdv PdSMv rAj }S P| PcSva zSMy <zSy Px~Myv vS, _ csS zSySa PrS tL AyM cM} Y{S} wM, |S} AxM{cS} aS} ZMZ MAi~ rAj }SM} iAy PtMd {SvwMm s~s~ c}Mi XM{Sf {yrS}S hST~rS }yH4vSs rAjMr} hS {AqcS|v hST~rSZ yA~, AcyS fM} ySZM} tMmSZ PZ XNyu <qM} eO cdva XvS}, StScSM~S} AyvJ A^rS, cdva wtSMjSS XAz SMt YM2S~Mv} P<SwMm

Ay{~S yS hST, P| Pc\Z AyMvSAtvH} AMv{SrMrS wyA} M \nMr wS}Mrv Ac Y{S} AvMj} YZ| ~SMe PzMy, Y{S} AyMvSAtvH} aw} _Z tCm hA}M} <zSy cdva wMAv PhSMd} ySA~Pr PtS~vS YMi, XMw}S S YMi, Y}a XMvc Aci YMi, P|`M~S rAjMc {Mv wSMr wSM} Ac Y{S} cSMi P`M~S {d <zSyZ v rMy Ac Y{S} AyMvSAtvH rAjMr} <zSy{ _c Sr vS}H?

_dSMvZ PySu Y{S} 2003-_ t<SAM PhSMd} ySA~ c}S Ssc }yH4vSs |At Y{SMc AyMvSAtvH} cSnSM{S AtM sSMcv, rS} {SCm Y} dCm jAeMMiv rAj {Mv wM X}Mq} Atv}SA-} PZ tM} csS, AyuyS jS (cSMy}H y), b (cMz2 hMSwSuS)Pc cAx dSaSyS} Y{Mq ySAMr PoMc _Mv, nS fM}} {Mu PsMc PyA}M YMv cSM~S SA Y} TMwS} >SarSA~ evS YwSt{Uc Dr M _Z XytA{r ZM}SCmAj{ rAjMr} }yH4cSAAvMr wSZAv cdva rSZ yA} v, (XyZ {AqS}S} {Aq{SA~cS} csS ySt AtM~) |e|eSM}} AyuyS} Yy|vS} _Z {A~v ZArSM} YuAvc _c wSH, X}Mq} Atv}SA} jS h~AM} AyMvSAtvH} P KrA} cM} AtMAi~ Y{S} cSMi ArZ PrS cSMy}H y} PZ y \~ h PZ fv CwNy YjMc} PcSv vSAcS} {Mu d>Mj wSy?

AyMvSAtvH}S Ac rS M~ wAsyH PiM hM~ PeMi y? PmSZ Ac AyMvSAtvHMt} zAyry? Pc{v cM} d>Mj wSZ rMy AyMvSAtvHMc?

(h~My)