20 XéÑSÜq 1416 }AyyS} 6 AoMÉG} 2009

     
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Pc\ Pc\ yM~v, hSmÌ éSM{} ÉMò AÑA2 jH yS jH\ jÂMY uHM} uHM} hSmÌ}-jHZS, hSmÌj©Sñ, hSmÌMj©ñ, hSmÌMj© ÑMZMi¥ 1760 ÉSM~} wM} ZØM}Aj Lw ÑZ h©SmSAjñ¥ yä\}H, yS<YÌA}, yS<YAy eS<Z PsMc ÑMZMi yS<YÌMj©¥ ÅSAä~© PeSM®} yS<YÌA} eS<ZMt} Y} _cAm AvySÉ yA2-fAm¥ PÉdSv PsMc y2¥ Xv© {Mr, ySYy yS ySYAy éS{ PsMc ySYAy a yM2©S, {ÚMdS éS{ PsMc {ÚdAm yS {ÚcÌAm yS {ÚdYS éS{ PsMc {ÚdÚMj©¥ Pr{vZ ‘eòScÌA~}’ PsMc eSMòRA~, eSòÚA~¥ <SZ tÁMÅS ÇSm yi} YMe, 1750 ÉSM~} wM} ZØM}j Y{M~ _Z wtAyuS}HMt} {Mv Ñ~, rS<}S _c É{Z akS AiM~v¥ akS {SMv \wSu©SZ¥ \ôAÅêS <ArïSMv |S<}S wYSMrv, rS<Mt} \wSu©SZ y~S Ñr¥ PÉmS Ai~ dÚy ÉISvjvc wt¥ xM~ rS<}S P| ÉISAvr y©Aå} yØÅu}, PÉmS PySkSMvS} jv©Z rS<}S rS<Mt} wtAy} ÉMò ‘\wSu©SZ’ P|Se cM} hMùSwSu©SZ, yM2©SwSu©SZ, {ÚMdSwSu©SZ ÑMZ PeM~v¥ eò yS eSòÚ} ÑM~v eMòSwSu©SZ¥

AoAé PsMca wtAy} ÉÙAî ÑMZMi¥ _Z AciÌ cS~ YMea P|{v XMvMcZ vSM{} wSMÅ Ay _, _{ _, Ay _o A~dMrv, Pr{vZ rS}a yd YMe |S<}S _cmS Pyt wSn c}Mrv, rS<Mt} y~S Ñr wA¢r¥ ySØ~S} ySZM} |S ÑMZ |SZ wSM¢¥ |S<}S tÁMmS Pyt wSn c}Mrv, rS<Mt} y~S Ñr A&MytH¥ ySØ~S} ySZM} |S<}S tÁMy AÑMÉMy wA}Ahr¥ ArvMm Pyt wSn c}Mrv |S<}S, rS<Mt} y~S Ñr A®MytH¥ ySØ~S} ySZM} _<}SZ ÑMZ |Sv PraZSA}¥ hS}Mm Pyt |S<}S wYMrv, rS<Mt} y~S Ñr hrÌMyñtH¥ ySØ~S} ySZM} rS<}SZ PhRMy¥ {jS ÑMö, yØMÅ} PcSva _c jv wA¢r ÑM~, rS<} w}yrñH <jM8} Pc\ hS}Mm Pyt wYM~a ArAv Ac1 Y} hrÌMyñtH yS PhRMy ÑMZ \nMr wS}Mrv vS¥ rS<Mc wA¢r wtAy AvMZZ êSå sScMr Ñr¥ YyS} \MÑS AtMc, Arv yS hS}Mm Pyt wYS cS}a yØÅu} |At _cAma Pyt vS wYMrv, rS<}Sa cuÚ{S® \§}SAucS} ÉÛM®Z aZ _cZ wtAy y©yÑS} c}S} XAucS}H ÑMrv¥

jHAycS yS yÙA§ PsMca XMvc wtAy} \yy ÑMZMi¥ P|{v \Ac~, eSMZv, r1ySZ, c{ñcS}, P{Stc, P|SeH, SqñcS}, {S~ScS}, fmc, wSnc, Pj©SArÇH, cAy}Sj, f}SA{, Kyt©, yAqc Zr©SAt¥ rS<Mt} w}yrñH <j8}S ÑZMrS yÙA§ wS~Mm AvMZMiv, Ac1 wtAy aZ _cZ }MZ PeMi¥ pSAc AyM~r Px}r oSåS} ÑMZ _M~a ArAv PÉZ pSAc-Z¥

\wSAu PsMca ÉÙAî ÑMZMi <hÌ} wtAy¥ P|{v }SZ, PhRuÚ}H, É}cS}, ÑSjS}H, rS~ÚctS}, ÑS~tS}, dS<¥ _Z ‘dS<’ y~MrZ Y{S} {Mv wMY Pe~ _cAm PiSù fmvS} csS¥ Y{S} AyAÅî y3Ì, wtAy dS<, _c Atv Pv{å7 cM}AiM~v Y{SMc¥ Y{SMt} wA}yS} _dva wÚ}MvSw1H¥ {S y~M~v, rÌZ |SÉ vS, a}S cH dSaZSMr cH dSZMZ PtMy¥ Y{SMt} wA}ySM} {SMZ} csSZ PÅÇ csS¥ ryÚ {SMc vS jSAvMZ YA{ rS<Mc PxSv c}~S{¥ csSZ csSZ y~~S{, YA{ Ac1 Ayx-Amx dSZ vS¥ \Av y~M~v, Ayx? Ayx PrS Y{}Sa dSZ vS¥ Y{}S PrS ÉS]  ÉS]q? PrS{SMt} {Mu©a YyS} ÉS]q YMi vSAc? a <Så PsMc |S cv~S{, YA{ rSMr h{Mc \n~S{¥ \Av y~M~v, Y{}S AÑ2Á ÉS]

wM} PjMvAi~S{ YMe |S<}S }SjS yS {ÑS}SjS AiM~v, rS<}S AÑ2ÁZ PÑSv yS {ÚÉA~{, Pc\Z Éh}Sh} jSAr AyhS} cM} ÅSÉc yS }Sjc{ñhS}H AvMZSe c}Mrv vS¥ xM~ \wSAu PsMc KrA} ÑaZS wtAyuS}HMt} {Mu© P|{v AÑ2Á {ÚÉ~{Sv AÅd YMiv, Pr{vZ YMiv ÉS]q, cSZô, KyÅ©, ÅÛ(¥ PhRuÚ}H PrS _ PtMÅ} <SZ Éy jSAr} {Mu©Z Ay}Sj{Sv¥ YÉM~ ‘PhRuÚ}H’ Å@mS _MÉMi PhRs YtSZcS}H ÅSÉc yS }Sj<ArzÊ PsMc¥ <sM{ PhRsÑS}H¥ wM} rS {ÚMd {ÚMd LwSåA}r ÑZ PhRuÚ}HMr¥ P|{v P{Sf~ Y{M~} }SWHZ <ArAvAuMt} y~S ÑZ É}cS}¥ É}cS} Å@mS _r ÉÑMj \ôS}q c}S |SZ P|, _} Y} PcSva AycOAr fMmAv¥

ZØM}j Y{M~a XMvc`A~ \wSAu} <h~v ÑMZAi~ wtAy AÑMÉMy¥ P|{v }SZÉSMÑy, }SZySÑStÁ}, vSZm yS É©}¥ Ai~ ‘{ÑS{MÑSwSu©SZ’ PdrSya¥ _mS _rmSZ P~SzvHZ a ÉISvjvc Ai~ P|, vSM{} wM} wtAy AÑMÉMy vZ, <Swc}S rS<Mt} vSM{} YMeZ y©yÑS} c}Mr cT cM}AiM~v _mS¥

hScA} ÉÛM®a yd wtAy KrA} ÑMZMi¥ P|{v P{RjS} XAucrSñ A|Av ÑMrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘{jÂ{tS}’¥ A|Av KtAvc AÑMÉy }SdMrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘MÉÑSvyHÅ’¥ A|Av ÅSAå}êMc} cSj c}Mrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘AÅctS}’¥ ‘AÅctS}’ Y} ‘AÉctS}’ _cZ wtAy¥ A|Av Pc}SAv} cSj c}Mrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘{ÚvAÅ’¥ yYySyÚ} cSj A|Av c}Mrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘{ÚUSAx’¥ y©SóS} yS {ÑSjvMt} y~S Ñr ‘PwS±S}’¥ |S<}S ÑSAy~tSM}} cSj c}Mrv, rS<Mt} y~S Ñr ‘~Ü}’¥ tÅ jv PÉvS} \wM} A|Av sScMrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘wAtc’¥ {ÚMd {ÚMd |S ÑMZ tS<YSZ ‘ÅArc’¥ tÅ ÅArMc} \wM} A|Av sScMrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘MÉvSwAr’¥ tÅ PÉvSwAr} \wM} A|Av sScMrv, rS<Mc y~S Ñr ‘vSZc’¥ ‘t~ÚZ’ _MÉMi t~wAr PsMc¥ A|Av P|-_~ScSZ sScMrv, ArAv PÉdSMv aZ wt-_} vSM{Z wA}Ahr ÑMrv¥ amSZ ÑMZ \Mnr rS<Mt} <uSv a <s{ wA}hZ¥ rSZ rS<} PiM~M{MZ}S ySyS} wA}hZ AÑMÉMy rS<Mt} vSM{} wSMÅ y©yÑS} c}Mr ~SeM~v hScA} ÉÛM® wSaZS ySyS} PÉZ wtmS} vS{¥ _Z zSMyZ _Mc} w} _c ÉÙAî ÑMr ~Se~ rS~ÚctS}, hSc~StS}, {Ñ~SvyHÅ, r}xtS}, dSÉvyHÅ, w®vyHÅ, ycAÅ wtAy¥

\ôS}Mq} cAmMra ÉÙAî ÑMZMi vrÌv vrÌv wtAy¥ |S<}S ~yqMc vyv yM~v, rS<Mt} cSMi ~Ü} ÑMZ PeMi vÜ} Xv© zSMya wtAy _MÉMi¥ P|{v tSÉ¥ PeR}HZ KyXycSM~ Éc~ AÅÇ©Z AvMjMt}Mc [®M}} tSÉ yM~ {Mv c}Mrv¥ rSZ rS<}S AvMj} wtAy} ytM~ ‘tSÉ’ A~dMr cT cM}v¥ cSZô, Kyt©Mt} {MrS yd ÉS]qa tSÉ wtAy éÑq cM}v¥ XMvMc} uS}qS, tSÉ _yØ tSÅ Y~StS¥ Ac1 ySvSMv} rxSr iSYS ‘tSÅ’ Y} ‘tSÉ’-_} {Mu© PcSva wSsñc© PvZ¥

rdvcS} AtMv {Ú(S} vS{ Ai~ tS{¥ rS PsMcZ tS{ yS tS< wtAy¥ XMvMc}Z {Mr, tS{ Å@Am _MÉMi Aéc ‘(Sd«{S’ PsMc¥ ydÅSA~ zÊjñw® PsMc jSvS |SZ, _cAm {Ú(S} vS{ Ai~ (9¥ rS PsMcZ vSAc tS{¥ Pc\ Pc\ YyS} yM~v, tS{}Sj© yS tS{tc« PsMcZ tS{ wtAy¥ ÅH _MÉMi ÅH~ yS W PsMc¥ XMvMc} {Mr, AÅy PsMc¥ ÅS _MÉMi ÉSuÚ yS ÉS\ PsMc¥ ÉSuÚ-} ÉMò dS< \wSAu |Úå ÑMZ ÉSuÚdS< ÑMZMi¥ ‘rS’ _MÉMi PÑSrS PsMc¥ PÑS{AçZS} wÚM}SAÑr, |S} YAt Lw PÑS®H¥ P|{v XAîMÑS®H¥ PeS< _MÉMi eq PsMc¥ eqSuHv }SMj©} ÅSÉc{¢~H} ÉtÉ©Mt} y~S Ñr eq¥

zY ÅM@} Xsñ {S~ySÑH yY PvRMcS yS ySjñ¥ YyS} zY ÑMö <ShHv PeRMY} _cAm X|M~} vS{¥ cS}a cS}a {Mr, zY _MÉMi z( PsMc¥ eYZ yS eYSZ _MÉMi PcSva AciÌ eYS} wmÌrS PsMc¥ XsyS eMY} cSiScSAi yÉySÉ c}S} cS}Mq¥ ‘Aw~’ ÅM@} Xsñ ÑSAr¥ ÑSaYS} Aw~dSvS _c É{Z ÑSAr} YUSy~ Ai~¥ `<Z _MÉMi `qH PsMc¥ `q-a rSZ¥ vtH yS AtAf} wSMY yÉySÉ c}S} jv© wSYÌZ¥ eSrS<Zr {Mv ÑZ eSsSAyà yS cAy PsMc¥ wÚMjS yS AyySÑ XvÚïSMv AcØyS }Sj©ÉzSZ |S<}S PeSieSi c}Mrv, rS<Mt} PsMc _MÉMi PeSiSZr yS `iSZr¥

MÉZ É{Z PiSm-yY }SjS}S Yß}êSMsñ XsyS }SjyØÅ AcØyS }SjzS¢SM}} PeSwv ÉØySt PcSva PcSva Ay®U yØMÅ} cSMi eAör }SdMrv¥ Ñr©SZ }SjS} {ÙrÌ© fmM~ w}yrñH \§}SAucS}HMt} cSMi PÉ dy} PwR@Mi PtaZS} jv© rS<}S AiM~v zHÇq Ay®U¥ PÉZ Ay®UrS PsMcZ _MÉMi Ay®SÉ wtAy¥ p©SØ wtAy p©SgS yS ~GS PsMc¥ pØ PsMca YÉMr wSM}¥ wSM} oSgS PsMc oSØ, pSØ, p©SØ PsMca¥

‘~SÑS’ _MÉMi ÉÚyqñM}dS} AvcmyrñH X|M~ ~SêS hSÇ c} S PsMc ¥ ‘}SÑS’ PySu ÑZ _}Z XwÅ Lw¥ ‘vSÑS’a rSZ¥ rMy vSÑS} Y} _c Xsñ PiSm vtH yS dS~¥ rS PsMca vSÑS _MÉ sScMr wSM}¥

_cAm wtAy YMi jSMvSZS}¥ jSÑSv {SMv Ay®¥ jSv {SMv <Sq, A<Z, yS[Aj, yS}SòvS, YyS} eSAZcSa¥ _Z jSv ÅM@} ÉMò YMvSZS} ÅM@} A{µMq} xM~Z ÉHyr KrA} ÑMZMi _Z wtAy¥ jSvySÑS} XsSñà vÙr©vmH yS eSAZcS} PyÅzÊÇScS}H PsMca _MÉ sScMr wSM}¥

wS<jS _MÉMi wSbS PsMc¥ P{Sf~ Y{M~ wSbS iSw PtaZS PcSva yStÅSAÑ Évt<SA£ yS zÊA{ tSMv} TÙArMcZ yØÅ PeR}y AÑMÉMy uM} }SdS} jv© wSbS iSw PsMc wSbS _yØ rS PsMc wS<jS wtAy} ÉÙAî¥

wSZ}S {SMv Ac1 cyÚr} vZ¥ ÅHMr} <sM{ PdjÂ} eSMi} }É PsMc `Y ySvSMr ÑM~ eSiAm} `<AY dSAvcmS PcMm c~AÉ kÌA~MZ AtMr ÑZ¥ AvZ{ Ñ~, w} w} Arv Atv `<AY cSmS |SMy a }É éÑq c}S |SMy¥ rS} w} Arv Atv AyµS{¥ _Z AyµSM{} w} <s{ P| Atv YyS} `<AY cSmS ÑMy, rS} }É PsMc P| `Y KrA} ÑZ, rSMc y~S ÑZ wSZ}S¥ XsSñà wMÑ~S yS wZ~S Å@ PsMcZ wZ}S, wZY©S a wSZ}S¥

{S7S _MÉMi ÑZMrS {Sv© PsMc¥ uvySv yS uvSp© PsMc _MÉMi Yp©¥ wM} YAû¥ zÌ<ZZS Ñ~ PzRA{Mc} XwÅ Lw¥ cS}q ySØ~S} ySM}S zÌ<ZZSMc ÉSuÚ zSÇSZ y~S ÑZ &StÅ PzRA{c¥ eMqÅ a eqwAr PsMc _MÉMi evSZ¥

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